Glutamine is one of the most versatile of all amino acids, and among
the top aminos used by elite athletes. Among its many functions,
glutamine detoxifies ammonia, regulates protein synthesis and protein
degradation, functions as a nitrogen precursor and transfer, promotes
cellular hydration, stimulates growth hormone production, maintains
acid balance, boosts the immune system, is an energy precursor and
increases glycogen production in the liver. In short, glutamine is both
anabolic and anti-catabolic. Glutamine accounts for about 60% of the
body’s total intramuscular free amino-acid pool and 20% of the total
circulating amino acids. Unlike almost all other aminos, glutamine
contains two nitrogen atoms. Because of this additional nitrogen atom,
glutamine is called a nitrogen “shuttle.” Glutamine transports nitrogen
where the body needs it most. Glutamine is available in both powder and
capsule forms.